Uesugi Kenshin and the Principle of Giri in Feudal Japan

In the twelfth episode of our series dedicated to the words and legacy of the great samurai, we begin a brief two-part focus on a central figure of the Sengoku era: Uesugi Kenshin, the “Tiger of Echigo.” Celebrated for both his military skill and moral integrity, Kenshin was a truly exceptional character. In this first article, we explore a compelling testimony that reflects his deep sense of justice and the importance he placed on giri (moral duty), even in a time when sheer strength often dictated law. Next week, we will continue with another account to complete the portrait of this remarkable daimyō.

Admiration from a Rival: The Words of Hōjō Ujiyasu

It is true that the Sengoku period was a bloody and ruthless time, yet it also gave rise to many extraordinary individuals. Among them, one of the most distinctive was Uesugi Kenshin, known as the “Tiger of Echigo”—a rare daimyō who remained unmarried throughout his life.

The famous episode in which Kenshin “sent salt” to his long-standing enemy Takeda Shingen is still celebrated as a noble act. His personal integrity was widely respected, even among his rivals. Hōjō Ujiyasu, who contested the Kantō region with Kenshin, said of him:

“Takeda Shingen and Oda Nobunaga are men with two faces—you never know when they might betray you. But Kenshin, once he makes a promise, will keep it, even unto death.”

On the subject of giri (moral duty), Kenshin declared:

“Warlords tend to judge their men by deeds in battle. But excelling in combat is expected of any samurai. I hold in higher regard those who maintain decorum and act with justice.”

Kenshin lived faithfully by this principle. Even in an age ruled by force, there were men who upheld virtue above strength.

Uesugi Kenshin was a singular figure among the warlords of the Sengoku era—one who made justice and moral uprightness central to his political and military conduct. In a time rife with treachery and ambition, his unwavering devotion to giri offers a lasting model of integrity. In the next episode, we’ll uncover another facet of his character to better grasp why Kenshin remains such a legendary figure.